Don't know anything about submarines, but I do know a bit about epoxy adhesives. I've no doubt there are other good ones, but the only epoxy I've found that is totally unaffected by water, apparently for ever, is Devcon 2-ton. Yachts are a hostile environment for adhesives, they get much wetter than most other boats, except for submarines of course, and most yacht sailers use Devcon, with no failures that I've heard of, and no shelf life problem. As with any glue though, surface preparation is the real key to strength and longevity. I have a pond full of Koi in my garden, and had been having problems with the submerged pump coming apart. I tried several epoxy adhesives to repair it, but all failed after a few months under water. Then about five years ago, I re-did the repair with Devcon 2-ton, and it's still as good as the day I last fixed it.